Management
Behnoush Jovari
Abstract
This study aimed to identify and validate the organizational vigor creation model in the universities. In order to identify factors affecting the organizational vigor, after a focused literature review the consensus of the experts' opinion was explored. This information was placed in the form of a set ...
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This study aimed to identify and validate the organizational vigor creation model in the universities. In order to identify factors affecting the organizational vigor, after a focused literature review the consensus of the experts' opinion was explored. This information was placed in the form of a set of causal, intervening, axial, underlying, facilitating, strategic conditions and their outcomes by multiple codings based on granded theory model. These data were collected from 169 experts by snowball sampling method and the hypotheses were tested. For checking validity and reliability of the designed model SmartPLS and Spss softwares were used. Finally the relationships of these variables were presented based on the path analysis model. Based on the obtained results, Organizational vigor creation model, university growth has a significant effect on the strategic management of human resources; also, strategic management of human resources, intervening conditions and organizational support in resolving work-family conflict have a significant effect on university branding, and the latter also has a positive and significant effect on the vigorous state of human resources of the universities. The results of fitting showed that the model proposed in this study has good validity and fit. The significance, implications and limitations of results have also been deliberated for further research.
Management
Sajjad Pashaie; Fatemeh Abdavi; Yahqub BadriAzrin
Abstract
Information and communications technology (ICT) are interactive technologies that allow the creation or sharing/exchange of information, ideas, career interests, and other forms of expression via virtual communities and networks (Internet, Instagram, and Telegram). The purpose of the present study is ...
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Information and communications technology (ICT) are interactive technologies that allow the creation or sharing/exchange of information, ideas, career interests, and other forms of expression via virtual communities and networks (Internet, Instagram, and Telegram). The purpose of the present study is to prepare a structural modeling approach to explain the relationship between using ICT tools (cell phones, Internet, Instagram, and Telegram) and teenagers' depression in Maku Free Zone. The research hypotheses were tested with survey methods. The study population was adults between 17 to 18 years of age. In total, 265 participants were randomly selected according to Morgan Table and then the information was collected through questionnaires. Data analysis was carried out using structural equation modeling SMART PLS. The findings showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the use of ICT tools (Cell Phones, Internet, Instagram, and Telegram) and teenagers' depression in the Maku Free Zone. Therefore, the misuse of the internet, cell phones, and social networks caused fewer face-to-face encounters and made them more introspective. In this way, individuals began to distance themselves from direct communication that resulted in depression and loneliness.
Accounting
Azzouz Elhamma
Abstract
Certainly, the use of the achievement of budgetary objectives as a criterion for evaluating individual performance of managers (budgetary evaluation) is considered a controversial subject. It has been the subject of some research studies to understand its diversity and its impact on firm's performance. ...
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Certainly, the use of the achievement of budgetary objectives as a criterion for evaluating individual performance of managers (budgetary evaluation) is considered a controversial subject. It has been the subject of some research studies to understand its diversity and its impact on firm's performance. In this context, the aim of this paper is twofold. First, it tests the impact of organizational decentralization on budgetary evaluation practices. Second, it investigates the contribution of budgetary evaluation in firms' global performance improvement according to organizational decentralization. Data were collected from 62 Moroccan firms, operating in different industries, via a questionnaire survey. Based on descriptive statistics and some statistical tests (linear regressions), the study results show that organizational decentralization has a positive significant impact on budgetary evaluation, implying that “strict” budgetary evaluation especially based on the achievement of budgetary targets in individual performance evaluation is adopted more by decentralized firms. In addition, the firms’ global performance is significantly and positively impacted by the budgetary evaluation in decentralized companies. This relationship is not significant in centralized firms. Among the implications of this study, we can highlight that its results are very useful for companies’ managers. The use of a “strict” budgetary evaluation is more suitable for decentralized firms. While centralized companies are indifferent between adopting “strict” and “flexible” budgetary valuation.
Dariush Farid; Hojjatollah Sadeghi; Elahe Hajigol; Nadiya Zarmehr Parirooy
Volume 3, Issue 8 , August 2016, , Pages 534-543
Abstract
This research predicts through studying significant factors in customer relationship management and applying data mining in bank. Financial institutions and other firms in competitive market need to follow proper understanding of customer behavior. Customers’ data are analyzed to identify specific ...
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This research predicts through studying significant factors in customer relationship management and applying data mining in bank. Financial institutions and other firms in competitive market need to follow proper understanding of customer behavior. Customers’ data are analyzed to identify specific opportunities and investment, to classify and predict the behaviors; further, data are eventually used for decision-making. Therefore, data mining as knowledge exploring (discovery) approach plays a significant role through a variety of algorithms. This study classifies bank customers by using decision tree algorithm. Three decision tree models including ID3, C4.5, and CART were applied for classifying and finally for prediction. Results of simple sampling method and k-fold cross validation show that forecast accuracy of C4.5 decision tree using simple sampling was higher than other models. Thus, predicting customers’ behavior through C4.5 decision tree was considered the ideal prediction for bank.
Economics
Kazuhiro Ohnishi
Abstract
This paper examines an oligopoly game model with a concave demand function where labor-managed firms compete in quantities with each other. There is no possibility of entry or exit. The timing of the game is as follows. In the first stage, each labor-managed firm simultaneously and independently chooses ...
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This paper examines an oligopoly game model with a concave demand function where labor-managed firms compete in quantities with each other. There is no possibility of entry or exit. The timing of the game is as follows. In the first stage, each labor-managed firm simultaneously and independently chooses the level of social concern. In the second stage, each labor-managed firm simultaneously and independently chooses whether to offer lifetime employment as a strategic commitment device. In the third stage, quantity competition takes place. This paper examines the reaction functions of labor-managed firms in the model. First, the paper presents the reaction functions of labor-managed firms in the game model. It is shown that the reaction functions of labor-managed firms have both upward and downward sloping cases. Next, the paper provides a simple example to support the above result. This example shows a case in which the reaction functions of labor-managed firms are downward-sloping.
Economics
Laban Gasper
Abstract
People must be well-informed on market swings in today's difficult economic times in order to cut excessive spending. Rising expenditures in a variety of sectors, including business, education, and healthcare can be burdensome for consumers, and accurate forecasting of household is necessary given the ...
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People must be well-informed on market swings in today's difficult economic times in order to cut excessive spending. Rising expenditures in a variety of sectors, including business, education, and healthcare can be burdensome for consumers, and accurate forecasting of household is necessary given the current technological innovation. The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is one of the statistical indicators used to estimate the changes in prices for commodities. Forecasting CPI can assist individuals in developing a plan for making decisions on their daily consumption. This study seeks to develop a SARIMA model for forecasting consumer price indices (CPI) in Tanzania by using data collected from International Monetary Fund (IMF) website from January 2010 to December 2022. Data were evaluated using time series methods such as time plots and stationarity tests. It was discovered that there is seasonality in the CPI index. However, a serial correlogram test was performed using a residual correlogram after which the variable was estimated using the SARIMA model and SARIMA (0, 1, 0) (1, 1, 1)12 was fitted to the time series variable. The residual analysis was explored and because almost all correlations are zero, the SARIMA (1,1,1) (0,1,2)12 model was appropriate for forecasting CPI index in Tanzania. Consumer price index was predicted for the next eighteen months and it has been observed that the trend of CPI is likely to increase in the next eighteen months.
Management
Marjan Mousavi
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of organizational characteristics, knowledge management infrastructure and entrepreneurial orientation on job communication satisfaction in Atieh Sazan Hafez Company. The research was conducted by selecting 102 employees as the statistical sample. The analysis of the ...
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This study investigates the effect of organizational characteristics, knowledge management infrastructure and entrepreneurial orientation on job communication satisfaction in Atieh Sazan Hafez Company. The research was conducted by selecting 102 employees as the statistical sample. The analysis of the present study was performed using the structural equation modeling technique. The results of the analysis of the hypotheses indicated that organizational characteristics help positively and directly with the dimensions of knowledge management infrastructure and entrepreneurial orientation and job communication satisfaction. Efficient and motivated human resources play an important and fundamental role in increasing the effectiveness of any organization. Many factors need to be considered when it comes to human resource welfare. One of the key factors in this area is job satisfaction. Government agencies operate in a complex environment with increasing demand. In such an environment, many factors can increase or decrease people's job communication satisfaction. Today, organizations find themselves in situations where the tendency toward entrepreneurial activities is essential. Therefore, organizations should create conditions in which the atmosphere and spirit of entrepreneurship prevails and individuals can engage in entrepreneurial activities of the organization individually and in groups. Entrepreneurial orientation is a strategic advantage that is realized in the study of opportunities and organizes these affairs in order to take advantage of these opportunities.
Management
Mina Alavi; Seyedeh Laya Mortazavi
Abstract
What lessons does prior research on causes of corruption offer public administrators operating in, and researchers studying the dynamics of, public sectors of most governments developing societies? In this paper we summarize a voluminous body of prior economic, social and political science research that ...
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What lessons does prior research on causes of corruption offer public administrators operating in, and researchers studying the dynamics of, public sectors of most governments developing societies? In this paper we summarize a voluminous body of prior economic, social and political science research that tells us about the roots of corruption in public sector of developing countries. Informing the analysis is a "review of reviews" of a sprawling research that examines six indicators: government size, oil revenue, democracy, quality of bureaucracy, rule of law, and human development; that are assumed to be major factors in increasing or decreasing the level of corruption in developing societies. We discern from this formidable body of research what is known about causes of corruption, what is left to know, and how useful the prior research could become panacea for encountering administrative corruption of developing countries. Finally, based on research findings, suggestions for future research are presented
Management
Bhagyavi Sandareka Habaragoda
Abstract
Educational institutions in Sri Lanka like schools and universities were primarily based on traditional face-to-face mode of teaching until the beginning of year 2020. The sudden outbreak of Covid-19 shook the entire world while challenging the education system across the globe. The situation led universities ...
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Educational institutions in Sri Lanka like schools and universities were primarily based on traditional face-to-face mode of teaching until the beginning of year 2020. The sudden outbreak of Covid-19 shook the entire world while challenging the education system across the globe. The situation led universities and other educational institutions to shift their teaching/learning activities to online mode from on campus, almost overnight. Online education was not popular in Sri Lanka by the time of this rapid transition and there were very fewer number of online courses offered by limited number of universities. Online teaching/learning that emerged with the pandemic, has been challenging in Sri Lankan university system as students, teachers and administrators were not either prepared or trained for it. This paper attempts to explore key challenges confronted with the implementation of online pedagogical approach, so that this understanding may help universities to enhance the experiences in online teaching/learning in future endurances. Amongst several, lack of training in pedagogy for online teaching is the severest challenge faced by many institutions. Most of the instructors were new to online teaching and had shifted with little or no training or preparation specific to this mode of delivery. Instructors must receive proper professional training and development to have higher expectations and to adapt their teaching to appropriate online teaching strategies.
Management
Ojiaku Obinna Christian; Chidebe Edwin Egwuatu; Ireneus Chukwudi Nwaizugbo
Abstract
Human activities are causing great damage to the climate and the consequences are projected to be dire in the future. Tourism alone contributes about 8% to greenhouse emissions necessitating the call for sustainable tourism as a way to promote environmental conservation. This study examines the effect ...
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Human activities are causing great damage to the climate and the consequences are projected to be dire in the future. Tourism alone contributes about 8% to greenhouse emissions necessitating the call for sustainable tourism as a way to promote environmental conservation. This study examines the effect of environmental values on ecotourism visit intentions. The specific objectives were to ascertain the effects of biospheric, altruistic and egoistic values on ecotourism visit intention. Three hypotheses were stated and data was collected from 196 intending tourists out of which 163 were returned valid and used for the analysis. The data were collected through social media and the hypotheses were tested using multiple regression analysis via SPSS version 22 and descriptive statistics used to describe respondents’ demographics. The result showed that biospheric and altruistic values both have a positive and significant effect on ecotourism visit intention. While egoistic values negatively predict ecotourism visit intentions. Based on the findings, this study recommends that tourist destination marketers should strongly communicate the environmental benefits of travel and tourism on ecotourism destinations.
Fareeha Naz; Junaid Aftab; Muhammad Awais
Volume 3, Issue 11 , November 2016, , Pages 699-708
Abstract
Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) support countries’ economies in financial context and also create employment opportunities. Human resource management (HRM) practices are very important to equip employees via training & development, employees’ motivation through effective rewards policies ...
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Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) support countries’ economies in financial context and also create employment opportunities. Human resource management (HRM) practices are very important to equip employees via training & development, employees’ motivation through effective rewards policies and effective recruitment and selection process. The global competition is one of compelling force behind companies to adopt human resource management (HRM) practices professionally. Human resource plays a vital role to improve organizational performance and create competitive advantage in this competitive era. The world has been globalized and companies are facing cut throat completion in the market. Therefore, human capital is one of major source to enhance organizational performance. Pakistani SMEs are producing heterogeneous products related to trade, agriculture business and manufacturing. A collection of 320 self-administered and well-structured questionnaires were distributed among the employees of small and medium enterprises of Multan. Only 240 forms were got back. Statistical tests like correlation and regression were applied through SPSS V22. The outcomes revealed that HRM practices (employee recruitment & selection, training & development, rewards policy and performance appraisals) are positively associated with SMEs performance. The results conclude that when HR experts of SMEs focus on improvement of these practices organizational performance would be increased.
Economics
Kazuhiro Ohnishi
Abstract
The seminal work by White (1996) examines the welfare effects of production subsidies in a mixed Cournot oligopoly market where a state-owned public firm competes with fully domestic-owned private firms, and presents the following two main results. First, if production subsidies are utilized only before ...
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The seminal work by White (1996) examines the welfare effects of production subsidies in a mixed Cournot oligopoly market where a state-owned public firm competes with fully domestic-owned private firms, and presents the following two main results. First, if production subsidies are utilized only before privatization, domestic economic welfare is always lowered by privatization. Second, if production subsidies are utilized before and after privatization, then domestic economic welfare is not changed by privatization. This paper examines the welfare effects of production subsidies in a mixed Cournot duopoly model where a state-owned public firm competes with a private firm that is partially foreign owned. The paper presents the following two main results. First, if subsidies are used only before privatization, then there is a reduction in domestic economic welfare. Second, if subsidies are used before and after privatization, then domestic economic welfare is raised by privatization. The paper finds that the second result is in contrast with that obtained by White (1996).
Economics
Saikat Pande
Abstract
The handloom textile industry, one of the significant labor-contributing industries in Bangladesh, provides income and employment opportunities for a sizable section of rural labor. However, in recent years, the handloom textile industry has been experiencing several problems in its production. The residents ...
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The handloom textile industry, one of the significant labor-contributing industries in Bangladesh, provides income and employment opportunities for a sizable section of rural labor. However, in recent years, the handloom textile industry has been experiencing several problems in its production. The residents of three Upazilas in the Sirajganj district rely directly or indirectly on this sector. This study will examine the issues and opportunities of the handloom industry in three Upazilas of the Sirajganj district in Bangladesh. The district of Sirajganj was chosen as a purposive sample and used the multistage random sampling method of fifty handloom units from twenty villages in Ullapara, Shahajdpur, and Belkuchi Upazila. The Cobb-Douglas production function is used to identify in this case to assess the variables' impact on the Handloom sector's annual income. Labor, input, and education coefficient is significant at 1 percent of the level. On the other hand, capital has negatively impacted the handloom industries and is also not statistically significant. Despite experience positively impacting the handloom weaver's income, it does not influence statistically significant. The estimated capital coefficient of -0.208, and the approximate labor cost is 25.73. Major problems of the handloom industry in the high rate of fabrics and colors. These results suggest that labor is a vital part of the handloom industry and with the posting of workers, handloom output rises as well.
Management
Dyna Rachmawati; Magdalena Jayati Marinda Janggu
Abstract
This study aims to examine the role of business strategy in the relationship between earnings management and MD&A readability. Previous research has shown inconsistency of results in testing the effect of earnings management on MD&A readability. This inconsistency can be caused by the fact that ...
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This study aims to examine the role of business strategy in the relationship between earnings management and MD&A readability. Previous research has shown inconsistency of results in testing the effect of earnings management on MD&A readability. This inconsistency can be caused by the fact that the business strategy variable has not been included as a contextual basis for the implementation of operational activities. Earnings management in this study is measured by real earnings management, because previous studies have used accrual earnings management. The hypotheses are tested with the multiple linear regression. The results show on 189 cross-sectional data on publicly traded consumer goods companies show that: (1) real earnings management reduces MD&A readability in defender and prospector companies; (2) analyzer companies perform real earnings management – discretionary expenses reduce the readability of MD&A; (3) firm size as a control variable in this study has no effect on the readability of MD&A. The results of this study imply that (1) strategy is a contextual factor that affects operational activities and ultimately on the readability of MD&A, (2) earnings management through discretionary expense activities reduces the readability of MD&A, regardless of the business strategy adopted by the company.
Economics
Idongesit Edem Udoh; Ubong Edem Effiong; John Polycarp Ekpe
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to empirically examine the influence of globalization on income inequality in Nigeria from 1986 to 2021. The income inequality was represented by the Gini coefficient while globalization was measured by key indices like foreign direct investment, remittances, and ...
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The main objective of this study was to empirically examine the influence of globalization on income inequality in Nigeria from 1986 to 2021. The income inequality was represented by the Gini coefficient while globalization was measured by key indices like foreign direct investment, remittances, and trade openness. With the use of the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach which was as a result of the stationary of our series at levels and first difference as reported by the Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test, the study observed that a long-run relationship exists amid inequality and measures of globalization. In the short-run, it was realized that foreign direct investment, remittances, trade openness, and urbanization aided in reducing income inequality in the short-run while inflation accelerated income inequality within the study period. In the long-run, the only measure of globalization that significantly reduce income inequality is remittances; while foreign direct investment significantly increased income inequality in the long-run. the paper concluded that it is not inevitable that measures of globalization have different influence on inequality of income and wealth depending on time.
Accounting
Hadis Naderi; Majid Moradi; Farzin Khoshkar
Abstract
Stock prices face several negative and sudden adjustments and managers postpone disclosing the negative/bad news for a long term. A consequence of stock price cash risk may be on the cost of capital which is funds’ cost for a company, or from an investor's perspective, it is the necessary rate ...
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Stock prices face several negative and sudden adjustments and managers postpone disclosing the negative/bad news for a long term. A consequence of stock price cash risk may be on the cost of capital which is funds’ cost for a company, or from an investor's perspective, it is the necessary rate of return on the current securities portfolio of a company. This criterion is employed to assess new projects of a company, as well. Accordingly, an issue which has not been significantly addressed in the research about the relationship between stock price cash risk and cost of capital is the mediating role of large shareholders’ ownership, while shareholders essentially own the company and reap the benefits or losses of the firm’s success or failure. Hence, the objective of this research is to investigate the effect of stock price crash risk on the cost of capital with the mediating role of the large shareholders’ ownership. For this purpose, we considered the listed firms in the Tehran Stock Exchange as our case study. Noticeably, the research time scope is 2012-2019. The method of this research is applied and its nature and content are correlational. Both deductive and inductive reasoning frameworks were used to undertake the study and the hypotheses were analyzed by panel analysis approach. The results showed that the stock price crash risk has a positive and significant effect on the cost of capital, however, the large shareholders’ ownership reduces the effect of stock price crash risk on the cost of capital.
Management
Sunday Ewah; Samuel Etuk,; Clement Udowong Eke; Nfawa Erasmus Usani
Abstract
The researchers looked at the link between social media driven marketing and marketing performance of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in Nigeria's Akwa Ibom State. The study arose from a knowledge gap in the area of social media driven platforms and marketing performance of Micro, Small and ...
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The researchers looked at the link between social media driven marketing and marketing performance of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in Nigeria's Akwa Ibom State. The study arose from a knowledge gap in the area of social media driven platforms and marketing performance of Micro, Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Akwa Ibom State. The main goal of this research was to investigate the link between social media marketing and marketing performance of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises in Akwa Ibom State. The researchers used survey design. A structured questionnaire rated on a five point Likert scale was used to gather data. A total of 366 MSMEs operators were chosen using simple random sampling. Simple Linear Regression was used to test and analyze two hypotheses. In Akwa Ibom State, it was discovered that there is a significant positive relationship between the two dimensions of social media marketing and marketing performance of MSMEs, with the Instagram page having highest regression.
Accounting
Edwin K Sitienei
Abstract
This study sought to address the effects of earnings quality on the financial performance of Non-financial firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange(NSE). Three attributes of earnings quality; predictive value, feedback value, and earnings accruals quality, were adopted as measures of earnings ...
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This study sought to address the effects of earnings quality on the financial performance of Non-financial firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange(NSE). Three attributes of earnings quality; predictive value, feedback value, and earnings accruals quality, were adopted as measures of earnings quality. The study adopted returns on assets (ROA) to measure financial performance. A 5-year data (2018-2022) for the 44 non-financial firms listed in the Nairobi Securities Exchange were obtained from secondary data sources. The data were analyzed using Stata 17, and the findings showed that accrual quality and feedback value exhibited a significant positive relationship with financial performance. The predictive value of the earnings revealed an insignificant negative relationship with financial performance. The model was significant at a 10% significance level with a coefficient of 0.492. This implies that earnings quality constructs significantly and positively affect the performance of Kenyan public-listed non-financial firms. The findings of this study have important implications for users of financial information in ascertaining the importance of earnings quality on the performance of Kenyan public non-financial firms. This study is also beneficial to standard setters in Kenya that view the earnings quality as an indirect indicator of the quality of financial reporting standards that have been issued.
Accounting
Mohammed Bukar Kauji; Shehu Hassan Usman; Saidu Adamu
Abstract
The study examines the effect of chief executive officers (CEO) Characteristics on the financial performance of listed fast moving consumer goods firms in Nigeria from 2013 to 2022. The study used a sample size of thirteen (13). The dependent variable was measured by ROA and ROE. The study engaged a ...
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The study examines the effect of chief executive officers (CEO) Characteristics on the financial performance of listed fast moving consumer goods firms in Nigeria from 2013 to 2022. The study used a sample size of thirteen (13). The dependent variable was measured by ROA and ROE. The study engaged a secondary source of data which was obtained from the annual reports of the firms and NEG website. The results from the Driscoll-Kraay robust fixed effect regression analysis proved that CEO financial expertise and tenure have a positive and significant effect on the financial performance of the listed while CEO Political connection has a positive and insignificant effect on financial performance. The study concludes that firms with CEOs who are financial experts outperform firms without expertise in terms of financial performance in listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria. The study recommends among others that the board of the consumer goods firms when hiring CEOs should give significant weight to candidates' financial expertise. The recruitment process should assess the candidates' financial acumen, educational background, and relevant experience.
Management
Tribhuwan Kumar Bhatt; Xianghua Dang; Shahina Qurban Jan; Muhammad Babar Iqbal
Abstract
Since the internet became freely accessible everywhere in recent years. As banking transactions changed and shifted to online banking, banks paid more attention to how to make the best use of it, reduce operating expenses, and boost profitability. Online banking is a method of doing business that has ...
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Since the internet became freely accessible everywhere in recent years. As banking transactions changed and shifted to online banking, banks paid more attention to how to make the best use of it, reduce operating expenses, and boost profitability. Online banking is a method of doing business that has frameworks that are properly connected with various customer-oriented services offered while also lowering costs and raising profits. The current study sought to investigate the impact of internet banking on Nepali banks' performance in terms of the mediating effect of training and development. It focuses mostly on how training and development affect bank performance in Nepal. Additionally, it emphasizes how crucial online banking can be for improving bank financial performance.The data were selected from 150 respondents of commercial banks located at Khathmandu, Bhaktapur, and Lalitpur. As the primary source of quantitative data for the present research, participants completed a self-administered questionnaire. Additionally, partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to examine the data obtained through the use of questionnaires. The findings suggest a favorable association between online banking and bank performance. According to the findings, training and development significantly impact bank performance. The findings also indicate that the association between online banking and bank performance is mediated by training and development. To meet the intended profitability ratio from online banking, increase customer satisfaction, and produce strong financial performance, management should work to put focus on the training and development process.
Management
Humayun Humta; Hamayoun Ghafourzay
Abstract
Internal and external finance are the two primary forms of funding for businesses. Internal financing is derived from retained profits, while external financing may come through borrowing money or the issuance of stocks. Businesses utilize it constantly to grow and stay alive, so the choices they make ...
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Internal and external finance are the two primary forms of funding for businesses. Internal financing is derived from retained profits, while external financing may come through borrowing money or the issuance of stocks. Businesses utilize it constantly to grow and stay alive, so the choices they make about finance are crucial. Market timing is vital for determining the appropriate financial structure for a company's success because volatility in market valuation greatly affects the capital structure. Capital structure requires a decision-making tactic that is an art to tackle complex situations. Modigliani and Miller started this ground-breaking study on capital structure in the field of corporate finance in 1958. After that, several theories were developed, but one of those theories was the market timing theory of capital structure, which explains that firms issue new stock when their share price is overvalued and repurchase shares when their share price is undervalued. These price fluctuations of equity will affect corporate financing decisions and ultimately corporate capital structures. The goal of this study is to test the applicability of market timing theory in the context of Canadian firms; thus, the data have been collected from the FINVIZ Stock Screener for the period (2022) and analyzed by a generalized linear model technique through the EViews 13. The research concludes that the market-to-book ratio has a statistically significant negative effect on market leverage as well as book leverage.
Accounting
Jasella Sakwi Yanti; Yossi Diantimala; Nuraini A
Abstract
This paper aims to test the Crowes Pentagon Theory of Fraud in detecting financial statement fraud and provide further explanation of the fraud indicators in the Pentagon Fraud Theory consisting of pressure, opportunity, competence, rationalization, and arrogance. (arrogance) can detect fraud in financial ...
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This paper aims to test the Crowes Pentagon Theory of Fraud in detecting financial statement fraud and provide further explanation of the fraud indicators in the Pentagon Fraud Theory consisting of pressure, opportunity, competence, rationalization, and arrogance. (arrogance) can detect fraud in financial reporting in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017-2021. The data used in this research was obtained from annual reports and websites of manufacturing companie. The sample selection technique in this study used simple random sampling to obtain 655 company-years. The data analysis techniques used are descriptive statistical and multiple linear regression analyses. The results show that the fraud indicators in the fraud pentagon theory represented by financial stability, leverage, ineffective monitoring, and director turnover, can detect financial statement fraud, while other indicators - auditor changes and a large number of CEO photos - cannot detect financial statement fraud.
Accounting
Mega Silvia; Fei Guo
Abstract
Previous research found that companies that fail to mitigate carbon emissions will make higher carbon disclosures than companies that successfully mitigate carbon emissions, and companies will also make decisions that are relevant to applicable regulations and policies. This research will explore the ...
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Previous research found that companies that fail to mitigate carbon emissions will make higher carbon disclosures than companies that successfully mitigate carbon emissions, and companies will also make decisions that are relevant to applicable regulations and policies. This research will explore the stakeholder perspective in assessing the company. This stakeholder perspective will determine whether more adequate regulations are needed to address the problem of greenwashing and stakeholder protection. This research will also explore whether the transparency of carbon information carried out by companies is directly proportional to the accountability for mitigating carbon emissions and whether current environmental regulations are able to motivate companies to mitigate environmental pollution. The results of the study found carbon emission disclosures have a positive effect on financial performance. Carbon emission disclosure has a positive effect on green innovation. Carbon emission disclosure has a negative effect on the cost of debt. The period of ratification of Presidential Regulation No.98 can strengthen the relationship between carbon emission disclosure and financial performance as measured by return on equity (ROE), but not with financial performance as measured by Tobin's Q. The period of ratification of Presidential Regulation No.98 can strengthen the relationship between carbon emission disclosure and green innovation. The period of ratification of Presidential Regulation No.98 has no effect on the relationship between carbon emission disclosure and the cost of debt.
Choi Sang Long; Mardhiah Yaacob; Tan Wee Chuen
Volume 3, Issue 8 , August 2016, , Pages 544-552
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction among teachers. Dimension of emotional intelligence like emotional self-awareness, emotional expression, using emotions, understanding emotions, emotional self-management, and emotional management ...
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The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction among teachers. Dimension of emotional intelligence like emotional self-awareness, emotional expression, using emotions, understanding emotions, emotional self-management, and emotional management of others in relation to job satisfaction. Pearson correlation and multiple regression analyses were used to test the hypothesis. Findings reported that emotional intelligence has a significant and positive relationship with job satisfaction among teachers. Only emotional self-awareness and emotional management of others influence emotional intelligence on job satisfaction among teachers.
Management
Zubair Hassan; Zabeda Bt Abdul Hamid
Abstract
The study has reviewed a significant number of research articles to examine the effects of cultural intelligence and learning styles on leadership effectiveness. Almost all the articles reviewed were empirical in nature and few conceptual papers were reviewed as well. Fifteen (15) relevant research were ...
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The study has reviewed a significant number of research articles to examine the effects of cultural intelligence and learning styles on leadership effectiveness. Almost all the articles reviewed were empirical in nature and few conceptual papers were reviewed as well. Fifteen (15) relevant research were reviewed to establish the theoretical proposition of the effect of cultural intelligence on leadership effectiveness, while another fifteen (15) articles were reviewed to examine the effect of learning style on leadership effectiveness. Most of the reviewed papers indicated that cultural intelligence and learning style has significant positive effects on leadership effectiveness. From the review, it was also found that there is lack of studies examining learning style effect on leadership effectiveness particularly in pharmaceutical sector. This study will contribute by establishing the link between cultural intelligence, learning style and leadership effectiveness simultaneously. Also, this study will be able to use to design the training and development programs to enhance, cultural intelligence and to adopt appropriate learning style to improve leadership effectiveness in commercial enterprise sector, particularly in Malaysia.
